Impacts of Heart Failure on the Body

Impacts of Heart Failure on the BodyHelen McHughClearly bushel Heart Failure.Heart failure occurs when either side of the heart atomic number 50not keep up with the flow of air.It can involve left(a) or right side of the heart or both.It is a combination of decreased cardiac output go with by impaired function of the failing heart and the compensatory mechanisms that preserve the cardiac reserve.Usually the left is involved firstWhat organs and which body trunks are alter by the disorder?Cardiovascular schema The Heart The respiratory dodging The lungs, shortness of breath, chronic, non productive cough.Digestive system Liver becomes enlarged, unable to filter toxins and parent needed proteins. , stomach impaired gastrointestinal function due to poor blood publish and malnutrition, accumulation of quiet in peritoneal cavity.Urinary governance Kidneys fluid volume, dropsy, impaired rennin,-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, nocturia(early in process) and oliguria(l ate sign)Integumentary system Skin and nail bed cyanosis. Pale and sweaty climbNervous system Brain confusion( due to lose of oxygen to brain), sympathetic nervous system activation, anxiety, restlessness, insomniaEndochrine System Pituatory gland (anti diuretic hormone), and adrenal glands (aldestorone) associated with water and sodium retentionLymphatic system lymphoedema developd by oedema of chronic heart failureMuscular System muscle fatigue, impaired exercise tolerance due to poor oxygen supply to muscles.(Porth Matfin, 2009)Give a brief overview of the normal function of the body systems affected by this disorderCardiovascular/Circulatory systemComprised of heart, blood vessels and blood which work together to furnish necessary nutrients to the body, removes excretory products from the body, protects the body from infection and maintains body heat.(Human anatomy, 2010)The respiratory SystemThe respiratory system, comprised of lungs, passages and muscles which ar e responsible for exchange of gases within the body and also from international of the body. Oxygen is breathed into the body and transported to all of the parts and then carbon dioxide is breathed out.(Human Anatomy, 2010)The Nervous systemThe nervous system is the control centre of the body. It controls and regulates the functions of the body. The system is make of of voluntary and involuntary functions. The nervous system, comprised of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and neurons manages the body systems to work together and also for the organs to work together to create a finely tuned human body.(Human Anatomy, 2010)The Urinary SystemThe urinary system filters and removes waste from the body and also maintains the right balance of salt and electrolytes in the body.The urinary system is very important in controlling homeostasis in the body. It can control the volume of blood in the body to control blood pressure.The kidneys produce and act with several hormones that are involved in the control of systems outside of the urinary system (Taylor, 2013)Digestive systemThe digestive system is responsible for the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy.Integumentary SystemSkin forms the bodys outer covering and forms a barrier to protect the body from chemicals, disease, UV light, and physical damage. Hair and nailsextend from the skin to reinforce the skin and protect it from environmental damage. Theexocrine glands of the integumentary system produce sweat, oil, and wax to cool, protect, and moisturize the skins surface (Taylor, 2013)Endocrine SystemThe endocrine system is made up of the glands of the body and the hormones produced by these glands. The hormones are used to regulate the body to maintain homeostasis.Lymphatic Systemthe lymphatic system carries interstitial fluid from cells and tissues fundament to the heart, Elements of the lymphatic syste m find and get rid of foreign bodies and invaders in the body.Muscular systemThis is responsible for the movement of and within the body. Comprised of three types of muscle nonrational muscles found inside the organs of the body(involuntary) cardiac muscle found in the heart skeletal muscle attached to the skeleton and are the voluntary muscles.Define the signs and symptoms of heart failure and explain why these signs and symptoms occur.Fatigue /Weakness Often experienced as heaviness of limbs and can be due to poor tissue perfusion of skeletal muscles due to poor cardiac output. (Medscape, 2014)Cardiac fatigue is different from normal fatigue as a great deal progresses through the day and is not show in the morning. Due to reduced cardiac output throught the day and lack of oxygen.Confusion/memory impairment/anxiety/restlessness/insomnia. Due to impaired cardiac output throughout the day the brain may not receive enough oxygen and lead to these symptoms.Nocturia (early stag e heart failure)Caused by increase blood return to the heart when person is lying down which causes increased cardiac output, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration.Oliguria (Late stage heart failure) caused by decreased cardiac output and resultant renal failure.Orthopnea Due to decreased pooling of blood in lower extremeties and also due to ascites, also much blood rushes back to the heart and it cannot cope with it through several processes the result is increased airway resistance leading to dyspnoea.(Medscape, 2014)Paroxysmal Nocturnal dyspnoea This is a brainiac of shortness of breath that awakens the patient, possibly due to increased airway resistance (See Orthopnea)(Mukerji., 1990)Abdominal Distention Due to AscitesAbnormal Heart beat Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias Irregular pulse Due to disturbance in contractions of the heartNausea Due to gastrointestinal problems with the digestive system not receiving enough blood and with the digestive system and liv er becoming congested.Increase in blood pressure Because the heart is not able to pump the blood around the body as effectively and an increase in fluid build up in the body the blood pressure increases.Shortness of breath/gasping for air Due to cunning pulmonary oedema where capillary fluid has moved into the alveoli.Chest Pain/Pressure Can be due to either primary or vicarious myocardial ischemiaCyanosis due to acute pulmonary oedmea lack of oxygen throughout the body due to poor gas exchange.Palpitations It can be second-string to sinus tachycardia due to decompensated heart failure, or more commonly, it is due to atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmias. (Medscape, 2014)Weight gain rapid weight gain is often observed in patients with heart failure due to fluid retention.Crackles in lungs Can be Due to acute pulmonary oedema where capillary fluid has moved into the alveoli.Chronic Dry, non productive cough which becomes worse when patient is lying down Congestion of the bronchial mucosa may causes bronchospasm which may cause reedy and difficulty in breathing. Condition is sometimes called cardiac asthma.List the information taken on his admission that demonstrates these signs and symptoms.Sa02 87% on room air this is too low and sign of poor oxygen saturation.B/P 90/40 This is low, but may be due to his Lasix medication.Pulse mettlesome indication his heart may be working(a) too hard or may be due to anxiety of admission and needs to be kept monitoredResps very high could be indication of potential cardiac arrest.Low Temperature 35.8C can be associated with heart failure and worsening conditions (Medscape, 2013)(Cretikos, et al., 2008)To be note the above vital signs could also be indicative of asthma attack(Patient.co.uk, 2012)Circulation He is hypertensive which, he has CCF and PVDSkin Integrity Ulcer Lower leg, this could be a symptom of poor nutrition and circulation, which is a symptom of diabetes which is a risk element of Hea rt failure.Nutrition Diabetes and loss of appetite. Diabetes is key risk factor of CCF and loss of appetite is indicative of GI problems associated with heart failureElimination Constipated This could be a sign of the digestive system not working properly due to lack of blood supplyMental State Confusion could be a sign of lack of oxygen reaching the brain. turned on(p) Status Anxiety of his condition could exascerbate his new(prenominal) feelings of anxietyDo you think the diabetes is related to the leg ulcer and amputated left toe? explain.Yes. The most common cause of chronic leg ulcers is poor circulation. Diabetics may have poor circulation due to the increased glucose in the blood and hardening of the blood vessels. This poor blood supply may lead to neuropathy and the nerve damage affects the condition of the skin.A non healing ulcer that causes severe damage to tissue and bone may need amputation.Mr Wrights amputated left toe may have been due to a non healing ulcer.(M cnair, 2014)(American Diabetes Association, 2014)One of the medications he is taking is Lasix. What does Lasix do? Which body systems are affected by it? Explain why Mr Wright is ordered LasixLasix is a diueretic and is used to treat fluid retention in people with heart failure.Lasix is gelt the body absorbing too much salt and rids the body of excess fluid and this can help the heart to pump more easily and can help regulate the blood pressure.Body Systems affected by Lasix are Cardiovascular system and Urinary system.List three conditions in Mr Wrights relevant medical history that are commonly associated with ageingArthritisGlaucomaType 2 DiabetesWhat factors may impact on Mr Wrights safety in infirmary and when he returns home.HospitalConfusion Wandering with poor mobility(Patient.co.uk, 2011)Mobility Falls riskMRSAHomeFalls RiskConfusionDiabetes ManagementAsthma ManagementAllergies(Confusion)Medications (Confusion)What other Health professionals will be involved in his frett ing and what services can they provide for Mr Wright.Cardiologist Management/ treatments for his CCFRheumatologist Care for his ArthritisOpthamologist Care for his GlaucomaDiabetes Educator instruction and support for his DiabetesDietician Help with his diet in relation to his diabetesPodiatrist Care for his feet, re. diabetesPhysiotherapist Help with mobilityNurse (RDNS) Help with care in the fellowshipGP Treatment, consultations and advice in the communityRespiratory Specialist Consultations, and treatment re, respiratory issues.Phlebotomist Re. regular blood monitoringCounsellor Re. Mental healthSocial doer Re. possible support in the community i.e. meals on wheels, community involvementList the nursing documentation you would expect to be used in the care of Mr WrightAdmission FormPain Observation ChartFluid Balance ChartMedication ChartNeurovascular ChartNeurological ChartCare contriveAllergies Alert Record FormReferencesAmerican Diabetes Association, 2014. Foot Complications. Online Available at http//www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/foot-complications/ Accessed 9th action 2014.Cretikos, M. A. et al., 2008. Respitory rate the neglected vital sign. Online Available at https//www.mja.com.au/journal/2008/188/11/respiratory-rate-neglected-vital-sign Accessed 9th certify 2014.Human anatomy, 2010. Cardiovascular System. Online Available at http//www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/cardiovascular-system Accessed 7th March 2014.Human Anatomy, 2010. Nervous System. Online Available at http//www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/nervous-system Accessed 7th March 2014.Human Anatomy, 2010. Respiratory System. Online Available at http//www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/respiratory-system Accessed 7th March 2014.Mcnair, D. P., 2014. Foot and Leg Ulcers. Online Available at http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/footandlegulcers.htm Accessed 9th March 2014.Medscape, 2013. Association of Low Body Temperature and Poor Outcomes in Patients Admit ted With fall Heart Failure. Online Available at http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/814981_4 Accessed 9th March 2014.Medscape, 2014. Heart Failure and Clincial Presentation. Online Available at http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/163062-clinical Accessed 9th March 2014.Mukerji., V., 1990. Dyspnea, Orthopnea, and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea. Online Available at http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK213/ Accessed 9th March 2014.Patient.co.uk, 2011. Delirium. Online Available at http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/delirium Accessed 9th March 2014.Patient.co.uk, 2012. Acute-severe asthma and status asthmaticus. Online Available at http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/acute-severe-asthma-and-status-asthmaticus Accessed 9th March 2014.Porth, C. M. Matfin, G., 2009. Chapter 26, Heart Failure and Circulatory Shock. In H. Surrena, ed. Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States. China Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 606-637.Taylor, T., 2013. Integumentary system. Onlin e Available at http//www.innerbody.com/anatomy/integumentaryfull-description Accessed 9th March 2014.Taylor, T., 2013. Urinary System. Online Available at http//www.innerbody.com/image/urinov.htmlfull-description Accessed 9th March 2014.1