The Effects Of Climate Change On The Natural Environment

Introduction Of all the changes swirling around us, perhaps those that affect the natural environment hold the most serious implications for the future of human life. Scientist are increasingly convinced that we face global warming. They warn us that the polar ice caps may melt and inundate the world’s shorelines, the climate boundaries may move north about four hundred miles, and many animal and plant species may become extinct (Polyakov, 2010). Climate changes refer to balance of energy coming into the Earth from the Sun due to its subtle shifts in orbit (Whitmarsh, 2009). In contrast, Whitmarsh defines global warming as a continuous rise in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system (2009). Since the 20th Century, the global air and sea surface has increased 0.8 ° Celsius (Polyakov, 2010). According to the research conducted by Polyakov, it has been concluded that two thirds of that increase in temperature have occurred since the year 1980 (2010). Recor ds indicate that each of the last three decades has been progressively warmer. Some scientists indicate that the global warming of the earth has been the actions of mankind since the industrial revolution (Rezai, 2012). In contrast, other scientists state that global warming is part of normal climatic cycles. The climatic cycles occur when the sun’s rays enter the atmosphere, in a harmonious situation, the excess energy leaves the earth’s surface in a form of infrared radiation (Novak, 2006). However, theShow MoreRelatedWhat Role Has Human Activity Played in Causing Climate Change?678 Words   |  3 PagesThe change in global climate is the most powerful problem that currently occurs on the earth. The problems of climate change may be caused by both of human activities and natural events. Climate change is the changes that affect the world’s weather, including shifts in temperature, ocean level, land, and precipitation. The climate change phenomenon can affect everything in the world not only natural environment, but also human society, and the world economy. This essay aims to evaluate the role ofRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1713 Words   |  7 Pagesnot to climate change. Simplistically, climate change is different because climate change is defined as a change in global or regional climate patterns or, in particular, a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels, having been measured over long periods of time, due to the changes in Earth’s orbit and organic carbon which reflect sunlight. Global warming and climate changeRead MoreEssay about Causes and Effects of Global Warming on Our World1498 Words   |  6 PagesEarth. Some causes and effects of global warming are easy to understand, with substantial evidence, yet there are still unanswered questions and reasoning as to why global warming is occurring. This essay is to outline the background of global warming and to display opposing viewpoints. Since there is not enough evidential research to connect global warming with natural factors, human activity, and its impacts, we might take advantage of its beneficial gain to our environment, economic, and socialRead More Essay on Global Warming: The Effects of Climate Change1410 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change is a long-term alteration in the statistical distribution of weather pattern over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. The world is currently experiencing drastic change in temperature. This change can be felt in the tropical climate areas where the weather is getting hotter and hotter every day. The change in global temperatures and precipitation over time is due to natural variability or to human activity. It is also caused by accumulation of greenhouse effects (ArrheniusRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Our Society1545 Words   |  7 Pagessurrounding the topic of climate change. It has become a proven fact that our global ecological and weather patterns are changing in ways that occur at a much more rapid pace than natural cycles typically allow. According to a 2016 Monmouth University Poll, most Americans acknowledge, at least to some extent, that â€Å"the world’s climate is undergoing a change that is causing more extreme weather patterns and the rise of sea levels.† Since humans rely so heavily on their environment to provide a plethoraRead MoreThe Effects Of Fossil Fuels On The Environment1734 Words   |  7 Pagesmetaphorically represents the place in ones journey that must be continued with no alternative routes or ability to make change. In consort with President Obama, many scientists believe the point of no return could occur if significant efforts aren’t made soon. Anthropogenic (human influenced) activities in comparison to natural influences have more of an impact on the enviro nment. Since the industrial era carbon concentrations in the atmosphere have increased by thirty percent. The burning of fossilRead MoreClimate Change Is The State Of New York920 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change is a significant problem all around world for all species alike but one state that faces great possible endangerment of it is the state of New York. 1 Climate change by definition is the a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels There can be many causes and outcomes of climate change due toRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pageshumans easier to travel, it threatens the environment. Climate is defined as weather conditions existing in a particular area over a period of time. When changes in weather patterns start to occur, this is called climate change. Peter Singer describes carbon emissions would extinguish human life. Climate change is a disastrous event because there is a wide range of environmental impacts affecting life expectancy. In different geographical areas, climates will change if temperatures influence them to fluctuateRead MoreClimate Change: Whos to Blame?1008 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change is defined as the alteration in patterns in temperature and weather. A new wave of climate change, bringing warmer temperatures and more extreme storms, began to catch the attention of scientists sometime in the late 20th century. It is blamed perhaps on the increased burning of fossil fuels, contributing to the greenhouse gases that harm the environment (â€Å"Climate Change,† CQ). On the contrary, it is something that simply occurs naturally. It occurs over long periods of time and hasRead MoreThe Changing Relationship Between Nature And Society1658 Words   |  7 Pages As Barrack Obama once stated â€Å"All across the world, in every kind of environment and region known to man, increasingly dangerous weather patterns and devastating storms are abruptly putting an end to the long-running debate over whether or not climate change is real. Not only is it real, it s here, and its effects are giving rise to a frighteningly new global phenomenon: the man-made natural disaster.† (Obama, 2006). In this speech Obama spoke honestly and truthfully about the current situation

The End Of Reconstruction During The Civil War - 915 Words

In the lead-up to WWI, the United States faced a variety of economic fortunes and misfortunes. After the Civil War, there had been unprecedented economic growth, however the Panic of 1873, shook the economy to its core. Recovering from the Panic took the recovery of American industries, such as tobacco farming and cotton. However, competition in both of these areas had increased and markets that previously relied on American exports, such as Great Britain, had found, or created, new sources for these goods. That left the US in a position where it needed to find new markets for its goods. And if Europe wasn’t that market, then it had to be South or East. Meanwhile, the end of Reconstruction had created a society that began to accept racism as a cultural norm. Belief that Anglo-Saxon Protestants were the most suited to run the nation, and the world, became pervasive in America. That can be seen in immigration, where immigrants from Northern Europe are accepted into American society freely, while Southern and Eastern European immigrants are discriminated against. This created a second-class of Americans, more free and accepted than blacks but thought of as less-than other whites. This becomes important as industrialization sweeps the country and cheap labor is needed for factories across the country. Discrimination meant that these immigrants could be employed in factories where they would work for very little money compared to other whites. Cheap labor meant larger profits forShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Reconstruction Era1139 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of the Reconstruction Era   Ã‚  Ã‚   The end of the Civil War created many short term and long term effects. After the Civil War, 1863-1896, United States, the north and south are trying to reunite by Rebuilding the Nation, to become unified and avoid being attacked by other countries. Through 1896, the North and South tried to reunite to avoid being vulnerable from attacks by other countries. The government tried to solve key problems after the war with Rebuilding the Nation. This was called theRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Grave Cause Of Many Events. Many People1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war was a grave cause of many events. Many people may see the results of the war as a chain reaction to many following eras. One of the most prominent eras that emerged from the civil war was the reconstruction era. The reconstruction era emerged around 1865 and continued until 1877. This time period generally refers to the time in United States history in which the federal government set the conditions that woul d allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. The States wereRead MoreHow Did The Radical Republican s Rise For The Failure Of The Post Civil War Reconstruction?1619 Words   |  7 Pagesfailure of the post-civil war reconstruction? The time between 1863, when Lincoln passed the ten percent act, until the year 1877, when reconstruction was officially ended, will be evaluated with information provided by the sources. The investigation will specifically look to how the Lincoln assassination allowed for the rise in the Radical Republican Party from 1866 to 1868 and the party’s effect on reconstruction acts leading to the failure of the post-civil war reconstruction era. Eric Foner’sRead MoreChapter 22 Apush Key Terms1694 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the end of the Civil War. At the end of the war, the Bureaus main role was providing emergency food, housing, and medical aid to refugees, though it also helped reunite families. Later, it focused its work on helping the freedmen adjust to their conditions of freedom. Its main job was setting up work opportunities and supervising labor contracts. 8. Exodusters Was a name given to African Americans who left the south[Kansas] in 1879 and 1880. After the end of Reconstruction, racialRead MoreThe Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew Johnson1017 Words   |  5 PagesI will be going through and telling you what happen through the time periods and the months. Through every time period I will tell you every event that goes on during that time period and how long is last. Basically I am giving you a research time lime from event to event. Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were out of sympathy with black suffrage, especially conferred by the federal government. Johnson s interpretations of Lincoln s policies prevailed the Congressional elections of 1866 in the NorthRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction The United States went through many changes after the Civil War and during the Reconstruction period of 1866-1877. Before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on December, 1863, by John Wilkes, Lincoln announced the first Reconstruction plan a year before the Civil War had ended and Lincoln offered general amnesty to white southerners who would pledge an oath of loyalty to the government and accept the abolition of slavery. During the summer of 1865, Johnson not long after he took officeRead MoreFederal Government During Civil War Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment, the founders believed, that would retard any establishment of monarchial government that the American Revolution was fought upon. However the civil war, and more specifically the Reconstruction period following it tested these principles to the core. While it may be accurate to characterize governmental struggles that defined Reconstruction as ones that were inter-branch, a more detailed and nuanced survey reveals it was borne more so out of ideologies that were incumbent within each branchRead MoreReconstruction Era1650 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction 1 The Reconstruction Era Jessica Onken American History Since 1865 Professor Tim Johnston August 2, 2010 Reconstruction 2 The Reconstruction Era The reconstruction era was a difficult time for the African American slaves from 1865 to 1877 because the slaves were freed and there were no jobs for them, had very little or no education, and had very limited opportunity in the south. Reconstruction was one of the most critical periods in American History. The CivilRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1054 Words   |  5 Pages As the civil war was ending many people could see that the odds of the north winning increased dramatically however many people can argue this idea based on the several events that took place during the second phase of the civil war. Carl Schurz concluded, â€Å"The Civil War was a revolution, but half accomplished.†(Roark et al 434) Reconstruction started before the civil war ended until 1877, when people of the United States tried figuring out how to put the country back together. Many people hadRead MoreReconstruction : The Misadventures Of Post Civil War1116 Words   |  5 PagesProf. V an Natter Reconstruction (The Misadventures of Post-Civil War America) America: â€Å"The land of the free, and the home of the brave† (Key 7-8). When our forefathers overcame the colonial reign of the British Empire, they formed the United States of America based on the premise of enlightened ideals promoting life, ownership of land, and liberty. But after the revolution, the country’s problems were far from solved. The country’s post-revolution issues sparked a Civil War, which was followed

Definition of a Malay Culture free essay sample

Definition of the Malay Culture Mankind is the only civilized creatures in this world. Culture can be defined as the integrated system that relates to values, beliefs, behaviors, norms, artifacts and the other works of any society. In the human history, this is the culture that divides human beings or separates one community from another. Specifically, many aspects of Malay culture encompassed within this definition are the universal aspects such as philosophy of life, art, literature and language, means of livelihood, food, traditional ceremony, equipment, dress, artifact, building, traditional medical treatment and other Malay norms. Philosophy of life is a concept or mindset about humanity and surrounding situation, which is used to obtain a meaningful life. It comes from the response and answer to the significance of human existence. Every single person has its own philosophy of life including the Malay people. Malay as a cultural identity is often associated with Muslim holding Malay custom-adat and occupying Malay areas. However, such definition merely produces reductive definition on what is Malay since not every Malay is Muslim occupying Malay areas and holding Malay custom-adat. From this point we may say that Malay is not solely a single and homogenous cultural entity, but indeed it is a very heterogeneous one. Malay is like a house occupied by people with different points of view as the consequence of different religions and beliefs. Many of the beliefs and some of the cultural practices of the Malays have developed as a result of the inter-mingling of cultures, and the religious experiences of the Malays over the last two thousand years or so. Within a Malay  household that continues to maintain the traditional code of conduct inherited from the past,  the children or younger persons are strictly bound by custom  to look upon their parents with respect. To them are due unquestioned loyalty and total obedience, and these qualities must be demonstrated through the daily conduct. When a son, for instance is  sent for by either of the parents, he should come before them as soon as possible, and he must be properly dressed. In their presence he is not allowed to sit in an improper manner, to talk too loudly or to smoke. In the case of a daughter, the expectations of the parents are even greater. Similarly a younger person must behave in decorum before those elder to him or her, be it an uncle or aunt, or an elder brother or sister. Traditionally this code of conduct extends beyond the family to  recognise certain relationships between families in the same neighbourhood or kampung. It is customary for, instance, to welcome a new family or a newcomer, to make a social visit to the new household,  and to render any assistance that may be needed. Again similar concern or involvement, in the spirit of mutual help manifests itself  when someone in the neighbourhood is ill, when a child is born or in the event that someone dies. On a very simple level these occasions require at least a visit. Where necessary material assistance may be rendered, particularly during a wedding, as a means of lightening the burden upon a family that is not very well off. Congregations, common in Muslim communities both in the villages as well as in the towns and cities, serve as a means of social cohesion. The major congregation is the all-important Friday prayer, which apart from its religious significance also becomes an occasion to meet others from the same kampung or neighbourhoodsince generally, a kampung dweller prays in the mosque nearest to his homeand possibly, these days, those from further away. This also applies to the five daily prayers, which, according to Islamic teaching, have greater merit when offered in congregation. History of Islam in Malay Culture In the period of 13th and 15th centuries Malaysia has seen the arrival of Islam and the rise of the great port-city of Malacca on the southwestern coast of the Malay peninsular. The Islamic faith arrived on the shores of what are now the states of Kedah, Perak, Kelantan and Terengganu, from around the 12th century. The earliest archaeological evidence of Islam from the Malay peninsular is an inscribed stone dating from the 14th century found in Terengganu state, Malaysia called the â€Å"Batu Bersurat† where the first Malay state to receive Islam is Sultan Megat Iskandar Shah, known as Parameswara prior to his conversion, is the first Sultan of Malacca. He converted into Islam after marrying a princess from Pasai, of present-day Indonesia. By 15th century, the Malacca Sultan, whose dominance reached over much of the western Malay Islands, had become the centre of Islamization in he east. The Malaccan tradition was transmitted onwards and encouraged a vigorous spirit characteristic of Malay identity. During this era, the Islamic faith became closely identified with Malay society and played a significant role in defining the Malay identity. In 1511, the city of Malacca fell into the hands of Portuguese conquerors. However, Malacca remained an institutional prototype: an example of statecra ft and a point of cultural reference for successor states such as Johor Sultan, Perak Sultan and Pahang Sultan even until now. Across the South China Sea in 14th century, another Malay government, the Brunei Sultan was on the rise to become the most powerful constitution in Borneo. By the middle of 15th century, Brunei entered into a close relationship with Malacca Sultan. The sultan married a Malaccan princess, adopted Islam as the court religion, and introduced an efficient administration modeled on Malacca. Brunei profited from trade with Malacca but gained even greater prosperity after the great Malay port was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. It reached its golden age in the mid 16th century when it controlled land as far south as present day Kuching in Sarawak and north towards the islands of the Philippines. Bruneis fairly loose river based governmental presence in Borneo projected the process of acculturation known as Malayization. Fine Malay Muslim cultures, including the language, dress and single family dwelling were introduced to the natives primarily from ethnic Dayaks, drawing them into the Sultanate. Dayak chiefs were incorporated into the Malay hierarchy, being given the official titles of Datuk, Temenggong and Orang Kaya. In West Kalimantan, the development of such sultanates of Sambas, Sukadana and Landak tells a similar tale of recruitment among Dayak people. Besides that, individual Arab traders and including Sahabas preached in Malay Islands, Indo-Chin and China in early seventh century. The Islamic peoples Chams of Cambodia trace their origin to Jahsh (Geys), the father of Zainab and thus one of the fathers-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Well -Meaning Villain or Tragic Hero Essay Example

Well -Meaning Villain or Tragic Hero Essay In the novel The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy, the main character Michael Henchard earns the contempt of many readers due to his strict, arrogant and sometimes cruel and callous nature. But is it right to hold this against him? Does he really deserve all he got? Or should we perhaps feel some sympathy towards him? After all, the disastrous incidents he endures in this book are surely not worthy of anyone, simply due to the fact they may have a negative attitude at times?In some ways, Henchard could be thought of as a well-meaning villain, one who has no principal morals but no particular desire to be heartless or hurtful either. There are some incidents in the story that would suggest a villainous side to Henchard, especially at the beginning and in the closing stages of the book, where his alcoholism gets the better of him and he becomes hotheaded and violent. Instances such as the sale of his wife Susan and baby daughter Elizabeth-Jane to Richard Newson, a complete strange r, at Weydon-Priors Fair, and his drink-inspired fight with Donald Farfrae who was once his friend in the granary convey this idea.However, Henchard also has many negative features that are simply part of his personality, which he finds difficult to curb even when he is sober. He is naturally quick to form opinions and agree or object to things, leading to some rash decisions such as the hiring then firing of Farfrae, and the prevention of his courtship with Elizabeth-Jane. A little more thought, consideration and tolerance on Henchards part could have led to a flourishing relationship with the Scotsman, as both a co-worker and a friend.Other faults in Henchards temperament include his egotism, a touch of vindictiveness, jealousy, and low self-esteem at times. His arrogance, along with his bad temper, is displayed at times; Abel Whittle, for example, who is consistently late for work is made to go to work wearing nothing but his underwear. Force is used against Lucetta Templeman, Henchards former fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e to try to make her marry him, and Elizabeth-Jane is scolded for using what he deems to be inappropriate language: I wont have you talk like that! One would think you worked upon a farm! Im burned, if it goes on, this house cant hold us two.Henchard can be spiteful his vindictiveness is shown after Farfraes marriage to Lucetta, when he reads the former letters the latter wrote him while he was courting her. He displays jealousy towards Farfrae at times when he seems to be overruling him; taking away his daughter and his girlfriend and attempting to make decisions against his own, like the afore mentioned time when Whittle is late one time too many:(Henchard) Hullo, hullo! Whos sending him (Whittle) back?(Farfrae) I am. I say this joke has been carried far enough.And I say it hasnt! Get up in the wagon, Whittle.Not if I am manager. He either goes home, or I march out of this yard for good.Having suffering other similar instances also, Henchard cons equently dismisses Farfrae, leading to the set-up of Farfraes own business.Henchards low self-esteem is displayed from time to time; when he feels particularly miserable, everyone from Elizabeth-Jane to Abel Whittle is told how worthless he is: What, Whittle, and can ye really be such a poor fond fool as to care for such a wretch as I! His will, too, clearly shows his negative state of mind, requesting in it only to be remembered by nobody.There are a small number of instances in which Henchard is dishonest, the most significant of these being his inconsiderate blatant lie to Richard Newson when, against all odds, he returns to claim his daughter:My Elizabeth-Jane. Where is she?Dead likewise. Surely you heard that as well?I find this unpardonably selfish and harsh on Newson and is, in my opinion, one of Henchards greatest sins.Many readers would argue that the above points prove any ill-fated occurrences happening to Henchard are self-inflicted, and he subsequently deserves all he r eceives.However, others might feel sympathetic enough towards Henchard to look past these unfortunate traits and try to understand what has provoked him to act in such ways. He has many good characteristics also, and a status of Tragic Hero could perhaps be appointed to him a man with high principles who tries his hardest but has an unfortunate flaw which may undo all his hard work.Henchard is predominantly an honest man, who usually tells the truth and is brave enough to be able to admit his mistakes. When sitting in court, for example, during the trial of the furmity woman who was present at his sale of Susan, he could easily have heard her accusations about his past and denied them all- after all, no one else in Casterbridge could have known anything about his youth. But he told the witnesses: Tis true. Tis as true as the light, showing his courage and dignity. Towards the end of the book, when Elizabeth-Janes real father has returned once and for all, Henchard promises her that she will never be bothered by him again: Ill never trouble ee again, Elizabeth-Jane no, not to my dying day! He sticks to this promise it is proven in his will, in which the first line states: That Elizabeth-Jane Farfrae be not told of my death, and be made to grieve on account of me.More often than not, Henchard will regret his actions, and will be determined enough to go to great lengths to repair damage done. Even at the start of the book, where he is in no great position of honour, the morning after the sale of his wife he realises what he has done and goes straight about trying to find her and swearing an oath, by the Bible, to stop drinking in the immediate future: I, Michael Henchard. do take an oath before Godthat I will avoid all strong liquors for the space of twenty-one years to comeWe are not told what exactly Henchard goes through in the 19-year gap in the story the time between his selling of his family and their return after Newsons supposed death but it would seem that although he has been unsuccessful in his quest to find his wife he has managed to keep to his vow: They dont fill Mr Henchards wine glasses. he sware a gospel oath in bygone times and has bode by it ever since. Of course, it is not possible for Susan to have heard about this in her absence, but on her return when she sees what he has become she is obviously more than impressed, even in awe of Henchard: I dont think I can meet Mr Henchard. He is not what I thought he would be he overpowers me!Presumably, Henchard will have worked extremely hard to have turned his life around from about the lowest possible position he could be in to the highest likewise. Even when Farfrae takes over his status of Mayor, Henchard takes on the position offered to him of hay-trusser: Having nothing to do made him (Henchard) more dreary than any other circumstance; and one day, with better views of Farfrae than he had held for some time, and a sense that honest work was nothing to be ashamed of , he stoically went down to Farfraes yard and asked to be taken on as a journeyman hay-trusser. This proves that he is a hard-worker, and can swallow his pride.And even though he fails in his quest to find Susan and Elizabeth-Jane, he still takes them in 19 years later, providing them with a cottage before re-marrying Susan, (giving up his fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e to do so) an act of a noble man of generosity and honour. Another example of his generosity is during the winter, when he provides poor Abel Whittles mother with food and a warm place to stay.These good points might cancel out the bad ones, but in order to install the Tragic Hero status Henchards negative aspects must be looked at and accounted for. Of course the sale of members of your own family is an unforgivable sin but the circumstances must be taken into consideration. Henchard was drunk, extremely drunk, so arguably it was the alcohol talking and not he. Possibly, the incident was even beneficial to everyone concerned S usan and Elizabeth-Jane were able to start new, perhaps improved lives with Newson; Henchard was left to start afresh also. If this tragic event had not occurred, Henchard may never have seen the error of his ways and would never have given up drinking, therefore never prospering and by no means becoming Mayor.The same applies at the end of the book, when his 21-year-long oath is finally up and he engages in what is obviously a drink-fuelled fight in the granary with Farfrae. Much as Henchard had appeared to loathe Farfrae, he had always had enough respect for him never to consider doing such a thing whilst sober. Although again I am by no means implying it was right for him to attempt to murder Farfrae, he was noble enough to recognise that his strength was far superior to Farfraes and handicapped himself so as to give Farfrae a fair chance of winning. Anyhow, at the end of the fight when he realised what he was doing, he regretted it yet again and could not finish him off:Your lif e is in my hands.Then take it, take it! Yeve wished to long enough!O Farfrae thats not true! God is my witness that no man ever loved another as I did thee at one time And now though I came here to kill ee, I cannot hurt thee!Even when drunk and in a position like that illustrated above, Henchards tender side shines through. Later that same evening, when Lucetta falls gravely ill, he chases after Farfrae to tell him of his wifes peril, though inevitably Farfrae does not believe him. Henchard follows him still, and here I sympathise with Henchard despite what he has just attempted to do.Henchards arrogance, self-pity, jealousy and vindictiveness are displayed at times when these feelings are natural human emotions of course he is going to feel jealousy towards a man who has taken everything from his girlfriend to his position in the town! He will naturally want to hurt the feelings of someone like that, but yet as Henchard patronisingly reads Farfrae his love letters from Lucetta, he cannot manage to read the signature out loud. He is just not able to torment Farfrae, however much he wants to his dignity prevents him from doing this.His haughtiness towards Lucetta is natural also he is only attempting to carry out a promise he made to marry her, so obviously he will be frustrated at her sudden and unexplained change of heart. After all, she had moved to Casterbridge with the intention of doing exactly as Henchard had proposed. As for his arrogance towards Abel Whittle, I would be inclined to describe this as discipline, rather; the boy is, after all, late for work every single day.And, of course, anyone would suffer low self-esteem had they been demoted from the high position or Mayor to a simple hay-trusser, especially when everyone but their stepdaughter has deserted them. Henchards devotion to Elizabeth-Jane is, incidentally, the only reason for his admittedly heartless lie to Newson about her being dead he just cannot bear to lose the only person stil l caring for him. However, again he feels bad about it and on Newsons return lets them alone, resolving to leave Casterbridge.As to Henchards rash, spur-of-the-moment decisions, I consider this his flaw every Tragic Hero has a defect and I fear that this is his. He does not think much about his decisions at all, and this he why he has so many regrets. For example if he had thought of the long-term effects of dismissing Farfrae, they may have continued to work together still and Farfrae would never have taken over. If he had not stopped the courtship of Farfrae and Elizabeth-Jane, Farfrae would never have considered marrying Henchards fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e. If Henchard had not lied to Newson about Elizabeth-Janes death, the latter would not have turned against him in the end.In conclusion, I find that, despite all the things Henchard has done wrongly, I feel a great deal of compassion and sympathy towards him. He is a good and honourable man who has lost everything, due to his impetuo usness; which I feel is not directly a fault of his own. It is, however, this defect that leads to his downfall, and, in my opinion, earns him the title Tragic Hero.